Poncirus trifoliata Flying Dragon

Poncirus trifoliata 'Flying Dragon', also known as Japanese bitter-orange, is one of the very few citrus trees that is truly hardy, allowing it to find its place in almost every garden. This shrub has a distinctly upright habit, often developing several undulating branches that give it its tortuous appearance, making it easily identifiable. It is very ornamental, both due to its unique habit and its lightly scented white spring flowers, which then evolves into decorative fruits resembling small yellow mandarins that are barely orange, but not edible. In autumn, its foliage takes on beautiful colours before falling, revealing the aesthetic appeal of its green thorny branches throughout the winter. This small young plant can be grown in full sun, in well-drained, non-calcareous soil.

Poncirus trifoliata (synonymous with Citrus trifoliata) belongs to the Rutaceae family, which includes about 150 plant genera, the most well-known being the large group of citrus trees, primarily from the genus Citrus, as well as Fortunella. The 'Flying Dragon' Poncirus is a tortuous variety, less vigorous than the species. It is a shrub with a distinctly upright habit and a relatively slow growth rate, typically reaching 2m (7ft) in height, or slightly more, with a significantly narrower width, around 1.30 to 1.40m. Its twisted branches undulate upwards, creating a tortuous pattern, further enhanced by the numerous perpendicular thorns that add more angles to this already tormented architectural form! In spring, beautiful, small, tender green trifoliate leaves appear, accompanied by lovely white flowers with 5 petals, which are slightly less fragrant than those of edible fruit citrus trees. Over the months, these flowers become spherical decorative fruits resembling miniature oranges.  These are slightly orange-yellow in colour, with a diameter of 4 to 5cm. While not edible due to their acidity, their peel can still be used in cooking. In autumn, this small shrub stands out with its superbly coloured foliage, transitioning from green to yellow, and even to vermilion red, depending on the intensity of the cold nights.

Poncirus trifoliata 'Flying Dragon' is a standout plant within the large family of citrus trees, even though its general characteristics - green wood, thorns, flowers, fruits and aroma - are indeed the same as those of Citrus trees in general. It is primarily planted for its ornamental nature.  A contrast in temperature between day and night in autumn helps enhance its autumn colours. However, be cautious of its thorns, which can be dangerous to children's eyes, as they are inevitably attracted to its fruits. It is advisable to plant it away from highly trafficked areas, and instead position it amongst other bushes in a flowerbed.  You can also associate it with the beautiful Hibiscus syriacus, whose large flowers in various colours (depending on the variety) and complement the slightly exotic appearance of the 'Flying Dragon'. Blooming at the same time, lilacs will also make good companions. Or choose a plant with purple foliage, such as Lagerstroemia indica Black Solitaire Best Red, to create a strong contrast during the season and enjoy its beautiful summer flowering.