Ctenanthe: Planting, Growing and Caring for Your Plant

Botany

The Ctenanthe belongs to the Marantaceae family, which includes tropical plants prized for their decorative foliage and their ability to slightly move their leaves throughout the day. Its genus name comes from the Greek ktenos, meaning “comb”, referring to the prominent parallel veins on its leaves, resembling the teeth of a comb. It is sometimes nicknamed “peacock plant” due to the elegant patterns on its leaves, reminiscent of the bird’s plumage, as well as their slight nyctinastic movement: although less pronounced than in Calathea, its foliage tends to orient differently depending on the light.

Ctenanthe setosa, botanical plate circa 1830

The Ctenanthe is often confused with two other species, Maranta and Calathea. Although they belong to the same family, they have notable differences, particularly in their growth habit. Maranta grows close to the ground, forming a trailing plant indoors, while Calathea develops leaves on short stems, giving a more compact silhouette. The Ctenanthe, on the other hand, has longer, slender stems that grow upwards, with leaves that gracefully trail to the sides. These distinctive characteristics help differentiate these plants, although they share similar cultivation and care requirements.

In its natural habitat, Ctenanthe grows under the canopy of tropical forests in South America, particularly in Brazil. It thrives in the shade of trees, enjoying a warm, humid and slightly filtered environment. These conditions make it an ideal plant for our homes or conservatories, where it finds an atmosphere close to that of its native habitat.

The Ctenanthe genus includes about 15 to 20 species, some of which are particularly prized indoors:

• Ctenanthe burle-marxii: elongated leaves with green and grey chevron patterns, very graphic.
• Ctenanthe oppenheimiana: large green leaves variegated with cream and purple undersides, perfect for a lush effect.
• Ctenanthe setosa: lanceolate foliage, dark green with silvery highlights and purple undersides, adding a sophisticated touch.
• Ctenanthe lubbersiana: green foliage marbled with yellow, offering a bright and original contrast.

The main cultivars come from these species. Ctenanthe burle-marxii ‘Amagris’ is a softer, more silvery variation of Ctenanthe burle-marxii, ideal for brightening up an interior, and is also one of the least fussy! Meanwhile, Ctenanthe oppenheimiana ‘Tricolor’ is highly prized for its spectacular mix of green, white and pink.

Ctenanthe setosa ‘Grey Star’, Ctenanthe lubbersiana (© Maja Dumat) and on the right Ctenanthe burle-marxii (© Leonora Enking)

Ctenanthe is a perennial herbaceous plant with a bushy and slightly spreading habit, forming wide dense clumps thanks to its short and sometimes creeping stems. Its growth is relatively moderate but steady, spreading more in width than in height due to its rhizomatous development. Its root system consists of fleshy rhizomes that allow it to produce new shoots and gradually expand, thus promoting foliage density. Indoors, it typically reaches between 50 cm and 1 m in height depending on the species and growing conditions, with an equivalent or even greater spread.

Its foliage is the most distinctive and ornamental element. The leaves are arranged alternately on long slender petioles, evergreen and elliptical to lanceolate in shape. Their texture is supple, with a slight thickness that gives them a slightly leathery appearance. The lamina shows very prominent parallel veins, characteristic of the Marantaceae family, with a prominent midrib and clearly visible secondary veins running the entire length of the leaf. Depending on the species and cultivars, the upper side of the lamina displays a range of greens, from light to deep green, often enhanced with contrasting patterns in the form of chevrons, striations, marbling or variegation in silver, yellow or cream. The underside, usually tinged with purple or violet, creates a lovely contrast when the leaves move slightly throughout the day due to nyctinasty, a characteristic phenomenon of Marantaceae.

The flowering of Ctenanthe is discreet and rare indoors, more frequent in its natural habitat. The small flowers, grouped in terminal or axillary inflorescences, appear as greenish or yellowish bracts, sheltering whitish to cream flowers, sometimes slightly tinged with violet. Their decorative appeal is limited compared to the foliage. Fruiting is exceptional in cultivation and occurs mainly in its native habitat, in the form of small dry capsules containing seeds, dispersed by wind or animals.

Flowering of a Ctenanthe dasycarpa (© Dick Culbert-Flickr)

Main species and varieties

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Growing Ctenanthe Indoors

Where to Place a Ctenanthe in the House?

Native to the tropical forests of South America, mainly Brazil, the Ctenanthe is a plant accustomed to constant warmth and high humidity. This origin explains its sensitivity to cold, making outdoor cultivation impossible in temperate climates. As the Ctenanthe is a tender plant, it is grown exclusively indoors in our climate. This cultivation method allows better control of the substrate’s moisture and provides the plant with optimal conditions year-round.

Consequently, this can be a rather finicky plant, as it requires precise conditions to thrive. Beware of cold draughts: it should never be exposed to temperatures below 15°C.

Like all plants in its family, it needs low-light conditions, so indirect light and a humid atmosphere, otherwise its leaf tips and edges may turn brown. Its position should be away from direct sunlight, which could scorch its delicate leaves. It prefers dappled light, similar to that filtered through the jungle canopy. Ideally, place it near an east or north-facing window, or behind a sheer curtain if the exposure is south or west, to avoid overly intense light. Note that some varieties prefer brighter indirect light.

In the home, it naturally fits in rooms with good light and high humidity above 60% (around 60-80%), such as a bathroom or well-lit kitchen. A living room or conservatory can also suit it, provided humidity levels are maintained. Keep it away from dry heat sources like radiators, which could cause its foliage to dry out.

Its ideal temperature ranges between 18 and 26°C, conditions reminiscent of its native climate. It struggles with temperatures below 15°C and may suffer above 26°C if the air is too dry. A stable atmosphere, without sudden fluctuations, is essential to keep its foliage healthy.

Ctenanthe Oppenheimiana

When to Plant Ctenanthe?

Planting or repotting is best done in spring, between March and May, when the plant resumes active growth. This allows it to establish well in its new substrate. However, it can be planted year-round, provided extreme cold or heat is avoided.

How to Plant Ctenanthe?

What substrate?

The Ctenanthe needs a light, well-draining, organic-rich substrate, replicating tropical forest soil conditions. A balanced mix prevents waterlogging while retaining adequate moisture. Here’s the ideal substrate blend:

• 60% houseplant compost or indoor plant compost: supplies essential nutrients and retains moisture for root development.
• 20% perlite or coarse sand: improves drainage and prevents soil compaction, promoting root aeration.
• 20% coconut coir: lightens the substrate, aids water retention without excess, and encourages rooting.

Steps for potting:

• Choose a plastic or ceramic pot with drainage holes.
• Place a layer of clay pebbles or gravel at the base for drainage.
• Gently position the Ctenanthe in the centre, ensuring the collar (stem base) isn’t buried too deeply.
• Add substrate around the roots, lightly firm, then water with room-temperature, non-calcareous water to moisten without waterlogging.
• Stand the pot on a tray of damp clay pebbles or mist the foliage regularly to mimic its natural habitat.

Ctenanthe burle-marxii ‘Amagris’

Growing and Caring for Ctenanthe Indoors

The Marantaceae family, to which the Ctenanthe belongs, is known for being finicky and demanding when grown indoors. These tropical plants require high humidity, non-calcareous water, and precise watering to prevent leaf desiccation or, conversely, root rot. Although the Ctenanthe is considered more tolerant than Calathea or Maranta, it remains sensitive to growing conditions: overly dry air causes leaf tips to brown, and too much direct sunlight risks scorching them. This is a plant that reacts quickly to care mistakes, making it challenging for beginner gardeners. However, by following a few simple rules, it adapts well to indoor life.

Watering: How and How Often?

The Ctenanthe prefers a substrate that is consistently slightly moist but not waterlogged, as its roots are prone to rot. Allow the soil to dry out between waterings. Watering should be moderate and regular, depending on the season:

• In spring and summer, water 2 to 3 times a week, as soon as the top layer of soil begins to dry.
• In autumn and winter, reduce frequency to once a week or less, letting the substrate dry slightly between waterings.

Preferably use non-calcareous water at room temperature, such as rainwater or filtered water, to avoid white deposits on the leaves. Water directly into the substrate, avoiding excessive wetting of the foliage to minimise fungal risks.

Misting

The Ctenanthe needs high ambient humidity to maintain healthy foliage and prevent leaf edges from drying out. Misting is an excellent way to replicate its natural conditions, especially in winter when the air becomes drier. It is recommended to mist two to three times a week with non-calcareous water, preferably in the morning, to avoid white spots and disease. Use a fine mist sprayer and target the undersides of the leaves. Humidity can also be increased by placing the pot on a tray of damp pebbles.

→ Learn more in Misting Indoor Houseplants.

Mist your plant, especially if the air is too dry

Fertilising: What Fertiliser and How Often?

The Ctenanthe requires nutrients to support its growth and maintain vibrant foliage.

• In spring and summer, apply a liquid fertiliser for green plants every two to three weeks, diluted by half to avoid mineral salt buildup.
• In autumn and winter, stop or space out fertilising, as the plant enters a dormant phase and growth slows.

Leaf Maintenance

The Ctenanthe does not require strict pruning, but light maintenance keeps it looking its best. Simply:

• Remove yellowed, damaged, or dry leaves to encourage new shoot growth.
• Shape the plant by trimming overly long or sparse stems.

Use sharp, sterilised scissors to prevent disease transmission.

Repotting: When and How?

Repotting is essential every 2 to 3 years, preferably in spring, when the plant shows signs of being root-bound (roots visible at the surface or emerging from the pot).

• Choose a slightly larger pot with good drainage.
• Replace the substrate with a fresh, airy mix (potting soil, perlite, coconut coir).
• Handle the roots carefully to avoid damage.

After repotting, water lightly and maintain a humid environment to help the plant adjust.

→ Learn more in How to Repot an Indoor Plant?

Potential parasitic and diseases of the Ctenanthe

Although relatively hardy, the Ctenanthe can be susceptible to certain parasitic attacks and diseases related to growing conditions. Regular monitoring and appropriate care can prevent these issues and preserve the beauty of its foliage.

Most common parasites

• Red spider mites: these small mites appear when the air is too dry. Their presence can be detected by gradual yellowing of the leaves and fine webbing under the foliage. To eliminate them, increase ambient humidity by regularly misting the plant and, if necessary, use a natural miticide like diluted black soap.
• Mealybugs: they appear as small cottony clusters at the base of leaves or on stems. Treatment with a cotton pad soaked in 70° alcohol or a mixture of soapy water and neem oil can be enough to get rid of them.
• Aphids: rarer indoors, they can nevertheless appear and weaken the plant by sucking its sap. A spray of soapy water helps control them.

Frequent diseases

• Root rot: this occurs due to overwatering and insufficient drainage. The roots turn black and soft, while the plant rapidly deteriorates. To avoid this problem, always use a well-draining substrate and don’t let water stagnate in the saucer. If attacked, repotting with removal of damaged roots is necessary.
• Brown spots on leaves: these are often caused by excessive sun exposure or watering with hard water. It’s recommended to filter watering water and avoid direct full sun.
• Curled or wilted leaves: this symptom may indicate lack of humidity or water stress. It’s then advisable to increase watering frequency and mist the foliage to restore good humidity levels.

Browning or drying leaves should prompt action

Propagation of Ctenanthe

The Ctenanthe can be easily propagated by dividing the clumps, a simple and effective method that quickly produces well-rooted new plants. Taking stem cuttings is more delicate and rarely practised, as the plant mainly develops new shoots from its rootstocks.

Dividing the clumps (simplest and most effective method)

This technique involves separating part of the mother plant into several sections, each with roots and stems. It is carried out in spring, for example when repotting, when the plant is in full growth recovery.

Steps for propagation by dividing the clumps:

• Gently remove the plant from its pot.
• Carefully loosen the soil around the roots to better see the rootstocks.
• Divide the root ball into several sections, ensuring each division retains roots and a few stems. If necessary, use a clean, sharp knife.
• Immediately replant each division in a pot with a light, well-draining substrate.
• Water lightly and maintain a humid atmosphere to encourage rooting.

After division, the new plants may take a few weeks to adjust before resuming normal growth.

How to showcase the Ctenanthe in your home

With its graphic and elegant leaf, the Ctenanthe is an ideal houseplant to add an exotic and refined touch to your décor. Its bushy habit and patterned leaves make it an interesting plant, whether displayed alone or paired with other tropical plants.

To showcase it, opt for a ceramic or terracotta pot in neutral tones (white, beige, terracotta), which will beautifully contrast with its foliage. A natural fibre basket, such as rattan or jute, will enhance its bohemian and tropical allure.

The Ctenanthe thrives in a bright but filtered indoor space, ideally near a window with sheer curtains. In a living room, it draws attention on a console or shelf. In a bathroom or kitchen, it benefits from ideal humidity while creating a lush atmosphere.

It pairs perfectly with other plants featuring contrasting foliage: a Calathea for a jungle effect, a Monstera to play with perforated shapes, or an indoor fern to soften the arrangement. Varying heights and plant textures helps energise the space.

Would you be tempted by its elegant lushness?

Ctenanthe oppenheimiana (Peacock Plant), © Maja Dumat