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Common Walnut Fernor - Juglans regia

Juglans regia Fernor
Common Walnut, Persian Walnut, English Walnut

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CHANUT, 30/11/2024

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This plant carries a 6 months recovery warranty

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A medium-vigour variety, with an upright habit, late flowering and ripening, and not very sensitive to late frosts. This common walnut produces elongated nuts of medium size (slightly larger than those of 'Franquette'), with a bumpy shell, containing light and easy-to-extract kernels, with a sweet and slightly sugary taste, of very good gustatory quality. Partially self-fertile, the tree bears fruit from 6-7 years of cultivation. Harvest in October.
Flavour
Sweet
Height at maturity
7.50 m
Spread at maturity
5 m
Exposure
Sun
Self-fertilising
Best planting time March, October
Recommended planting time February to April, October to December
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Flowering time May
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Harvest time October to November
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Description

Juglans regia 'Fernor' is a variety of common walnut that is interesting for its moderate growth, its relatively late flowering which protects it from frost, and the qualities of its fruiting. This beautiful tree with an upright habit produces elongated nuts of medium size fairly quickly (around 6-7 years old), with a bumpy shell and well-sealed valves, which are good for storage. They protect very light-coloured kernels, with a sweet and slightly sugary flavour, of very good taste quality. The flowering, in May, is only partially self-fertile. Fruit production will be improved in the presence of another variety of walnut nearby.

Juglans regia, or common walnut, belongs to the Juglandaceae family and is a deciduous tree native to China, Iran, and Southeastern Europe. The 'Fernor' variety is a variety obtained by INRA at the Domaine de la Grande Ferrade, in Gironde. It is an upright tree that reaches about 7.50 metres (25 feet) in height in 20 years and can grow up to 15 metres (49 feet) at maturity. Its spread is slightly less imposing, reaching up to 10 metres (33 feet). However, in orchards, there are 8 metres (26 feet) between two trees. No planting is possible below its canopy, as few plants can withstand its competition, which is due to the production of juglone, an aromatic compound toxic to most plants.

Budburst in this 'Fernor' variety is quite late, with buds opening during the second half of April. The discreet flowering takes place in May, on the lateral twigs along the branches. It is classified as protandrous, meaning that the male flowers mature slightly before the female flowers. This explains the need to plant another walnut variety with a slightly offset flowering time to ensure optimal pollination of the female flowers. Choose, for example, 'Ronde de Montignac', 'Meylannaise', or 'Fernette'. The 'Fernor' walnut is ready for harvesting in October. The fruit is covered with a thick, green-coloured skin that stains the fingers when broken. The shell can measure up to 32mm (1in) in length. The kernels, which represent up to 44% of the weight of the nut, are tasty both fresh and dried. Expect five to seven years before your first harvest. The walnut foliage turns yellow in autumn before falling.

To store your walnuts: remove the skins (wear gloves, as they stain the fingers). First, let them dry in one or two layers in crates, in a dry place, stirring them occasionally, for 4 to 5 weeks. Then store your walnuts in a dark place, at a temperature between 7 and 10°C (44.6 and 50°F), in a room that is not too humid (70% humidity).

In the kitchen: you can enjoy walnut kernels in savoury salads (endive salad, with cheese, dried duck breasts...) or sweet salads (with winter fruits and raisins), or in pastries. There are many recipes from our regions to discover, based on walnuts. You can also harvest green walnuts in June, on Saint John's Day, to make walnut wine.

Walnut trees in general prefer fresh and deep but well-drained soils, as they dislike stagnant moisture. Once well-rooted in deep soil, they tolerate summer drought fairly well. A harsh winter can limit fruiting and weaken the tree.

Common Walnut Fernor - Juglans regia in pictures

Common Walnut Fernor - Juglans regia (Foliage) Foliage
Common Walnut Fernor - Juglans regia (Harvest) Harvest

Plant habit

Height at maturity 7.50 m
Spread at maturity 5 m
Growth rate normal

Fruit

Fruit colour green
Flavour Sweet
Use Table, Patisserie, Cooking
Harvest time October to November

Flowering

Flower colour green
Flowering time May

Foliage

Foliage persistence Deciduous
Foliage colour dark green

Botanical data

Genus

Juglans

Species

regia

Cultivar

Fernor

Family

Juglandaceae

Other common names

Common Walnut, Persian Walnut, English Walnut

Origin

Cultivar or hybrid

Product reference1003681

Planting and care

Plant your 'Fernor' walnut in a sunny and open position, in a deep soil. It tolerates limestone and clay, but prefers loamy soils to spread its roots. Create a beautiful planting hole enriched with humus and a little gravel. Take care to water your walnut tree during periods of drought in the first few years. You can optionally add well-decomposed compost to its base in autumn. For the first 5 years, encourage the formation of 3 or 4 main branches, giving it a goblet-shaped habit, which is traditional in fruit tree cultivation. In this upright-growing variety, it can be useful to slightly bend the lateral branches in the early years to clear the crown. Harvesting takes place in October, and the fruit is equally good fresh or dried. To dry your walnuts, place them in a well-ventilated area, spread out to limit the risk of mould on the tree rings. Harvest them quickly, as soon as the fruits start to fall to the ground. The walnuts should not remain on the ground for more than three days.

Planting period

Best planting time March, October
Recommended planting time February to April, October to December

Intended location

Suitable for Meadow
Type of use Free-standing, Orchard
Hardiness Hardy down to -23°C (USDA zone 6a) Show map
Ease of cultivation Amateur
Exposure Sun
Soil pH Neutral, Calcareous
Soil type Clayey (heavy), Clayey-chalky (heavy and alkaline), Silty-loamy (rich and light), Deep, fertile

Care

Pruning instructions From the 6th or 7th year onwards, remove all dead or old wood and poorly positioned branches (growing towards the inside or obstructing other shoots) every 3 years.
Pruning Pruning recommended once a year
Pruning time October to November
Soil moisture Tolerant
Disease resistance Good
Overwinter Can be left in the ground
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