Rossa di Toscana Onion - Allium cepa
Rossa di Toscana Onion - Allium cepa
Allium cepa Rossa di Toscana
Onion, Common onion, Garden onion
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Description
'Rossa di Toscana' onion is an early Italian variety that produces large, round, flattened bulbs with dark red skin and mild, crunchy flesh—it is a good storey. Sow in spring and harvest in summer.
The onion (Allium cepa) is a popular herbaceous biennial vegetable (grown annually) in the Fabaceae family alongside chives, garlic, and leeks. It is grown for its edible bulb and occasionally for its stalks. It is considered native to central Asia, where it has been consumed for over 6,000 years. Traces of onions have also been found in Ancient Egyptian tombs. The Romans introduced them to Western Europe much later, then to the Americas, during Christopher Columbus's second voyage.
Bulb onions can be grouped into three main categories based on the colour of their bulb:
- Yellow onions: sweet flavoured, generally the best type for storing and cooking
- White onions: fairly mild-flavoured, perfect for eating raw
- Red onions: sharp yet sweet flavour and bright colour, delicious grilled, in salads or sandwiches
Spring onions are regular bulb onions (often white) harvested early when the bulbs are still immature. If harvested before bulbing, they will usually be referred to as green onions. Scallions are cultivars selected to produce a long, slender white shank rather than a bulb. Bunching or Japanese onions are a different species altogether (Allium fistulosum). All are fairly similar in flavour and can be substituted in recipes.
Onions are an excellent source of minerals and vitamins A, B and C. They are known for reducing "bad" cholesterol and lowering blood pressure. They develop a sweeter flavour and are easier to digest when cooked. To avoid eye irritation when preparing onions, peel or chop them under the tap or in a bowl of water.
Harvesting: Harvest spring onions… in the spring when the leaves are still green. Mature bulb onions are harvested in the summer when the tops are entirely dried and folded. Gently lift the bulbs, brush off any excess soil and leave them to dry in the sun for 2-3 days.
Storage: Onions will be kept for several months in the right conditions. Cut off the leaves and store the onions in a dark, cool, dry and airy place. If the leaves are strong/long enough, they can be braided together to form attractive bunches and hung from the ceiling. Before storing, check for bruising, as it only takes one rotten bulb to contaminate the whole crop.
Good to know: onions and carrots are excellent companion plants as onions repel carrot fly. Onions can also be successfully grown alongside beets, strawberries and lettuce. Avoid growing onions too close to members of the Fabaceae family.
Harvest
Plant habit
Foliage
Botanical data
Allium
cepa
Rossa di Toscana
Amaryllidaceae
Onion, Common onion, Garden onion
Western Europe
Annual
Planting and care
Soil preparation:
Onions will grow in most types of soil, preferably light and well-drained. Onions are susceptible to excess nitrogen: avoid growing onions on a recently fertilised plot after green manures or vegetables from the Fabaceae family (beans, peas, broad beans). Wait about five years before returning onions to the same plot.
Spring sowing: Coloured onions (yellow and red) and some early white varieties are directly sown from February to April (or in the autumn in milder climates). Lightly sow in furrows, about 2 cm deep, with 20 cm between each row. Gently cover with soil and water. Germination takes about 18 days. The seedlings must be thinned out when they are approximately 5 cm tall (about two months after sowing). Keep one plant every 10 cm on average. Harvest during the summer months.
Autumn sowing: White onions in seed trays or pots are sown in late summer (August-September)—transplant one month later in milder climates or in late winter elsewhere (February). Allow 20 cm between rows and 10 cm between each plant. White onions are then harvested in the spring.
Care: Hoe regularly, especially at the beginning. Avoid mulching, as this can cause the bulbs to rot. Onions are sensitive to excessive humidity; watering should be kept to a minimum, mainly during sowing and transplanting.
Seedlings
Care
Intended location
Planting & care advice
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Hardiness is the lowest winter temperature a plant can endure without suffering serious damage or even dying. However, hardiness is affected by location (a sheltered area, such as a patio), protection (winter cover) and soil type (hardiness is improved by well-drained soil).
The flowering period indicated on our website applies to countries and regions located in USDA zone 8 (France, the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Netherlands, etc.)
It will vary according to where you live:- In zones 9 to 10 (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), flowering will occur about 2 to 4 weeks earlier.
- In zones 6 to 7 (Germany, Poland, Slovenia, and lower mountainous regions), flowering will be delayed by 2 to 3 weeks.
- In zone 5 (Central Europe, Scandinavia), blooming will be delayed by 3 to 5 weeks.
In temperate climates, pruning of spring-flowering shrubs (forsythia, spireas, etc.) should be done just after flowering.
Pruning of summer-flowering shrubs (Indian Lilac, Perovskia, etc.) can be done in winter or spring.
In cold regions as well as with frost-sensitive plants, avoid pruning too early when severe frosts may still occur.
The planting period indicated on our website applies to countries and regions located in USDA zone 8 (France, United Kingdom, Ireland, Netherlands).
It will vary according to where you live:
- In Mediterranean zones (Marseille, Madrid, Milan, etc.), autumn and winter are the best planting periods.
- In continental zones (Strasbourg, Munich, Vienna, etc.), delay planting by 2 to 3 weeks in spring and bring it forward by 2 to 4 weeks in autumn.
- In mountainous regions (the Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathians, etc.), it is best to plant in late spring (May-June) or late summer (August-September).
The harvesting period indicated on our website applies to countries and regions in USDA zone 8 (France, England, Ireland, the Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...) fruit and vegetable harvests are likely to be delayed by 3-4 weeks.
In warmer areas (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), harvesting will probably take place earlier, depending on weather conditions.
The sowing periods indicated on our website apply to countries and regions within USDA Zone 8 (France, UK, Ireland, Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...), delay any outdoor sowing by 3-4 weeks, or sow under glass.
In warmer climes (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), bring outdoor sowing forward by a few weeks.
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