Oval-fruited Kumquat - Fortunella margarita

Fortunella margarita, also known as the Oval Kumquat, is one of the hardiest citrus trees: when fully grown and planted in the ground, the tree itself can withstand short frosts of around -8/10°C (17.6/50°F), although its evergreen foliage is affected by light frosts. Its spring to summer white flowering, with a sweet neroli fragrance, is highly attractive to bees. Following the flowering, numerous small oval fruits appear, turning a beautiful shade of orange when ripe, providing a decorative display against the shiny, vibrant green foliage. Kumquats are planted in the ground in regions spared from severe frosts, and in pots in colder regions. This allows them to be overwintered in an unheated greenhouse or conservatory.

Named Fortunella in honor of Robert Fortune, who introduced them to Europe in 1846, Kumquats should now be classified under the Citrus genus, according to recent studies. Citrus japonica is the recognized name for this citrus fruit.

This spiky bush belongs to the Rutaceae family, with an upright, bushy habit, and is native to southern China, specifically the Canton province. In the wild, it can reach heights of 3 to 4 metres (10 to 13 feet). In mild climates, when planted in the ground, it typically reaches an average height of 2.50m (8ft) with a spread of 1.50m (5ft), although its size is reduced when grown in pots. Its growth rate is moderate.

The Kumquat produces small, sweet-scented white flowers reminiscent of orange blossom, which give way to small oval fruits, measuring 2cm (1in) in diameter and 3cm (1in) in length. They are harvested when fully ripe, between October and January, when they have turned a vibrant orange colour. The moderately thick skin is free from the burning sensation associated with other citrus fruits. It has a mild flavor and subtle bitter orange fragrance. The juicy pulp is acidic, slightly sweet, and contains few seeds. The evergreen leaves are glossy dark green on the upper surface and paler on the underside. Like all Citrus species, Fortunella contains essential oil glands in its leaves, flowers, and fruits, which can be extracted through distillation (flowers and leaves) or pressing (peel).

It is important to note that while the plant can regenerate from the stump after -10°C (14°F), its foliage suffers from -8°C (17.6°F). The fruits, on the other hand, are destroyed below -5°C (23°F), which is unfortunate for the harvest, which often takes place in winter. The fruit can be used in both savoury and sweet dishes, in jams, candied in sugar, or prepared in syrup. Its subtle flavour pairs well with savory dishes such as tagines or the famous duck à l'orange. Kumquat can also be used to create refined sweet and sour sauces to accompany Asian cuisine. If you enjoy tangy flavours, you will appreciate the balanced combination of acidity and sweetness that this unique fruit offers.

Kumquats are rich in vitamin C, fiber, antioxidants, and low in calories.

Most citrus trees thrive in the ground in Mediterranean coastal regions, where they have the necessary year-round warmth. Fortunella margarita is a self-fertile bush, meaning that a single individual is sufficient for fruiting. However, if your citrus tree remains indoors permanently, it may be necessary to occasionally allow pollinators to enter or perform delicate hand pollination with a brush.