Vitis vinifera Cardinal - Grape vine
Vitis vinifera Cardinal - Grape vine
Vitis vinifera Cardinal
Common Grape Vine, European Grape, Wine Grape
Good recovery, despite this year's frost.
Celine, 06/05/2021
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Description
The 'Cardinal' vine is a very vigorous variety. It produces large clusters, often loose and flexible. The berries are large, measuring 2 to 2.5 cm (1in) in diameter, and spherical. Their skin is moderately thick, ranging from pinkish-red to dark red, sometimes even violet. The pulp is firm, fleshy, and slightly fibrous. Harvest takes place in mid-September. The 'Cardinal' vine is quite susceptible to diseases.
The wine grape vine (Vitis vinifera) grew wild over 5000 years ago. Its introduction to France for cultivation was done by the Romans. Numerous hybrids have been created to vary colours, flavours, and uses. The 'Cardinal' vine is a variety selected by Elmer Snyder and Frank Harmon in 1939 in California (USA). It is the result of a cross-breeding: 'Vine Reinette' x 'Alphonse Lavallée'. It was introduced to France in 1946.
A vigorous climbing shrub, the 'Cardinal' vine can reach up to 5 m (16ft) in height. It is easy to train. Its final shape will depend on the pruning practised. Due to its horizontal habit, it is preferable to train it on wire and to trellis it well. Short pruning is recommended. It thrives in sunny locations and good soils that do not dry out too much during the summer. Its foliage is deeply cut, with a deep green colour in summer, and turns into the most beautiful gold in autumn. Its flowering in clusters occurs in May, offering tiny white-pink flowers. Its table grapes, in long clusters, ripen in mid-September, depending on the region. The berries are large, measuring 2 to 2.5 cm (1in) in diameter, and spherical. Their skin is moderately thick, ranging from pinkish-red to dark red, sometimes even violet. The pulp is firm, fleshy, and slightly fibrous.
Grapes are consumed as table fruit, fresh, but also in jam, jelly, fruit juice, pastries, and of course, after vinification, as wine.
Vitis vinifera Cardinal - Grape vine in pictures
Plant habit
Fruit
Flowering
Foliage
Botanical data
Vitis
vinifera
Cardinal
Vitaceae
Common Grape Vine, European Grape, Wine Grape
Cultivar or hybrid
Planting and care
Since the ravages of phylloxera in the late 19th century, grape vines are obligatorily grafted onto different rootstocks, resistant to this disease and adapted to different types of soil. These rootstocks come from American varieties. Plant the 'Cardinal' vine in the autumn, in a deep, well-drained soil—even stony, arid, poor and chalky substrates—in a well-exposed site, sheltered from strong winds. Incorporate 3 or 4 handfuls of fertiliser for fruit trees and 2 kg of composted manure for each plant into the soil. The roots should not come into contact with the manure. After planting, prune above 2 large buds to encourage the growth of two branches. Keep the most vigorous one, and tie it to a stake. The training pruning will follow.
The vine does not require regular fertiliser application for good yield. On the contrary; enrich the soil with potash slag, crushed horn or iron chelate, only every 2-3 years.
Planting period
Intended location
Care
Planting & care advice
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Hardiness is the lowest winter temperature a plant can endure without suffering serious damage or even dying. However, hardiness is affected by location (a sheltered area, such as a patio), protection (winter cover) and soil type (hardiness is improved by well-drained soil).
The flowering period indicated on our website applies to countries and regions located in USDA zone 8 (France, the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Netherlands, etc.)
It will vary according to where you live:- In zones 9 to 10 (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), flowering will occur about 2 to 4 weeks earlier.
- In zones 6 to 7 (Germany, Poland, Slovenia, and lower mountainous regions), flowering will be delayed by 2 to 3 weeks.
- In zone 5 (Central Europe, Scandinavia), blooming will be delayed by 3 to 5 weeks.
In temperate climates, pruning of spring-flowering shrubs (forsythia, spireas, etc.) should be done just after flowering.
Pruning of summer-flowering shrubs (Indian Lilac, Perovskia, etc.) can be done in winter or spring.
In cold regions as well as with frost-sensitive plants, avoid pruning too early when severe frosts may still occur.
The planting period indicated on our website applies to countries and regions located in USDA zone 8 (France, United Kingdom, Ireland, Netherlands).
It will vary according to where you live:
- In Mediterranean zones (Marseille, Madrid, Milan, etc.), autumn and winter are the best planting periods.
- In continental zones (Strasbourg, Munich, Vienna, etc.), delay planting by 2 to 3 weeks in spring and bring it forward by 2 to 4 weeks in autumn.
- In mountainous regions (the Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathians, etc.), it is best to plant in late spring (May-June) or late summer (August-September).
The harvesting period indicated on our website applies to countries and regions in USDA zone 8 (France, England, Ireland, the Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...) fruit and vegetable harvests are likely to be delayed by 3-4 weeks.
In warmer areas (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), harvesting will probably take place earlier, depending on weather conditions.
The sowing periods indicated on our website apply to countries and regions within USDA Zone 8 (France, UK, Ireland, Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...), delay any outdoor sowing by 3-4 weeks, or sow under glass.
In warmer climes (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), bring outdoor sowing forward by a few weeks.
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