Xanthorhiza simplicissima

Xanthorrhiza simplicissima, also known as 'Yellow Root', is a hardy shrub native to the eastern United States, a curious woody and exuberant cousin of buttercups. This unusual plant forms a dense ground cover, remarkable for its autumnal colours, which gradually change from yellow to red and then to purple in the autumn; numerous tan-yellow leaves persist on the branches during winter. It is also distinguished by its original spring flowering, with purple-brown, satin-like star-shaped flowers clustered together. To be grown in partial shade, near a water source or in a heathland bed, it will astonish and delight collectors of rare plants.

Xanthorrhiza simplicissima belongs to the buttercup family, along with clematis. It is used as a dye and medicinal plant native to a vast area located in the eastern USA, from Maine to Texas. It appreciates being situated close to water sources, ditches, and damp woods, far from the scorching sun. This shrub has a spreading and bushy habit, wider than it is tall, and can reach up to 90 cm (35 in) in height and 1.2 m (4 ft) in diameter under optimal conditions. The branches are covered with yellow bark and bear mono- or bi-pinnate leaves, which are light green and shiny and take on very beautiful colours in the autumn. Flowering occurs in April-May, at the tips of the stems, in the form of dense clusters of small star-shaped flowers. It is followed by the formation of dry and yellowish follicles.

A highly colourful plant for partial shade and moist soils, Xanthorrhiza simplicissima is used in humid and shaded areas, near water sources or at the edge of woodland, alongside brightly coloured heathland plants such as Diosma hirsuta 'Pink Fountain', variegated hostas, or even a Nandina Fire Power. A backdrop composed of Loropetalum chinense, Pieris Forest Flame or Mountain Fire, Pseudowintera colorata, and Kalmia latifolia will complete this colourful scene.

The bitter yellow roots of this plant were once used by local populations to extract dye. It has been used for a long time by the Cherokee people in particular for its antibiotic properties.