Crataegus crus-galli - Hawthorn

The Crataegus crus-galli, also known as the Cockspur Hawthorn or Virginia Hawthorn, is a small tree native to eastern North America. This spiny species is recognised by its thick, glossy leaves that turn beautiful colours in autumn. Its late spring white flowering is followed by the appearance of small edible red fruitssoughtr by birds. This hawthorn is perfect in a defensive or hedgerow hedge when associated with other wild fruit trees, especially in limestone soils.

Originating from an area ranging from Quebec to Louisiana, the Crataegus crus-galli is a small tree that is exceptionally hardy and of medium growth rate. It belongs to the rose family, like its cousin, the hawthorn. It often forms multiple trunks and has a wide and tangled habit over time. Ultimately, this hawthorn can reach a height of 7.50m (25ft) with a spread of 5m (16ft, under optimal conditions. There are two types of branches: long branches with leaves and curved, shiny, sharp thorns measuring 5 to 7cm (2 to 3in), and branches that will bear flowers and then fruits. Their colour varies from reddish-brown to orangish-brown, becoming grey with age. Flowering occurs in May-June, at the same time as the foliage appears. It forms flat clusters (corymbs) composed of small white flowers, five petals, 2cm (1in) in diameter, highly visited by bees. They emit a rather unpleasant odour. After pollination, clusters of globose and shiny fruits measuring 1cm (1in) in diameter, with little flesh, are formed. They ripen in August, gradually changing colour from red to brown. These tiny fruits can remain attached to the branches until winter. Their pulp is edible, with a sweet and tangy flavour. The foliage is deciduous, falling quite late in autumn. The oval-shaped leaves measure 3 to 6cm (1 to 2in) in length and have finely toothed edges. They are arranged alternately on the branches. Their lamina is a shiny dark green on the upper side in summer. These leaves beautifully colour in shades of orange and red before falling.

The Crataegus crus-galli adapts to any neutral to chalky garden soil, even quite dry in summer in a sunny location. Plant this small tree in a natural hedge with other worry-free and wildlife-friendly shrubs such as the common hawthorn, cotoneaster, Amelanchier ovalis, medlar and Goum,